ASTM A500 structural pipe is a standard specification for cold-formed welded structural tubing produced to round nominal pipe sizes. ASTM A500 is the most common specification in North America for Hollow Structural Sections. Used for load-bearing structures that require high-yield strength, A500 steel comes in four grades — A, B, C, and D.
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carbon steel round tubing
carbon steel square tubing
carbon steel rectangular tubing
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Typical Chemical Properties |
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Chemistry (%) |
ASTM A500 |
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Grades A, B & D |
Grade C |
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Heat Analysis |
Product Analysis |
Heat Analysis |
Product Analysis |
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Carbon* |
0.26 Max |
0.30 Max |
0.23 Max |
0.27 Max |
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Manganese* |
1.35 Max |
1.40 Max |
1.35 Max |
1.40 Max |
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Phosphorus |
0.035 Max |
.045 Max |
0.035 Max |
0.035 Max |
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Sulphur |
0.035 Max |
.045 Max |
0.035 Max |
0.045 Max |
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Copper** |
0.20 Min |
0.18 Min |
0.20 Min |
0.18 Min |
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*For each reduction of 0.01 percentage point below the specified maximum for carbon, an increase of 0.06 percentage point above the specified maximum for manganese is permitted, up to a maximum of 1.50% by heat analysis and 1.60% by product analysis |
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**If copper containing steel is specified in the purchase order |
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Round Structural Tubing
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Mechanical Properties |
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Grade A |
Grade B |
Grade C |
Grade D |
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Tensile Strength (min. PSI) |
45,000 |
58,000 |
62,000 |
58,000 |
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Yield Strength (min. PSI) |
33,000 |
42,000 |
46,000 |
36,000 |
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Elongation in 2 inch (min. %) |
25B |
23C |
21D |
23C |
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*Applies to specified wall thicknesses (t) equal to or greater than 0.120". For lighter specified wall thicknesses, the minimum elongation values shall be calculated by the formula: % elongation in 2" = 56t+17.5, rounded to the nearest percent. |
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** Applies to specified wall thicknesses (t) equal to or greater than 0.180". For lighter specified wall thicknesses, the minimum elongation values shall be calculated by the formula: % elongation in 2" = 61t+12, rounded to the nearest percent. |
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*** Applies to specified wall thicknesses (t) equal to or greater than 0.120". For lighter specified wall thicknesses, the minimum elongation values shall be by agreement with the manufacturer. |
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Shaped Structural Tubing
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Grade A |
Grade B |
Grade C |
Grade D |
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Tensile strength, mn, ps (MPa) |
45 000 |
58 000 |
62 00 |
58 000 |
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Yield strength, mn, psi (MPa) |
39 000 |
46 000 |
50 000 |
36 000 |
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Elongation in 2 in. (50.8 mm), min, %A |
25B |
23C |
21D |
23C |
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Outside Large Flat Dimension, in. (mm) |
Large Flat Dimension Tolerance, A plus and minus, in. (mm) |
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2½ (63.5) or under |
0.020 (0.51) |
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Over 2½ to 3½ (63.5 to 88.9), incl |
0.025 (0.64) |
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Over 3½ to 5½, inc |
0.030 (0.76) |
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Over 5½ (139.7) |
0.01 times large flat dimension |
WALL THICKNESS: Minimum wall thickness at any point of measurement shall not be less than 90% of specified nominal wall thickness. Maximum wall thickness, excluding weld seams, shall not be more than 110% of specified nominal wall thickness. Wall thickness of square structural tubing and rectangular structural tubing must be measured at the center of the flat.
STRAIGHTNESS: Permissible variation in straightness for structural tubing is 1/8” times the total length in feet (or 10.4mm times the number of meters) divided by five.
SIDE SQUARENESS: For square structural tubing and rectangular structural tubing, adjacent sides may deviate from 90° by no more than ±2°.
CORNER RADII: For square structural tubing and rectangular structural tubing, the radius of anyone outside corner may not exceed three times (3x) the specified wall thickness.
TWIST: For square structural tubing and rectangular structural tubing, the tolerances for twist (variation with respect to axial alignment) are shown in the table below.
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Specified Dimension of Longest Side, in. (mm) |
Maximum Twist in the First 3 ft (1 m) and in each additional 3 ft |
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in. |
mm |
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1½ (38.1) and under |
0.05 |
1.39 |
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Over 1½ to 2½ (38.1 to 63.5),incl |
0.062 |
172% |
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Over 2½ to 4 (63.5 to 101.6), incl |
0.075 |
209% |
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Over 4 to 6 (101.6 to 152.4), incl |
0.087 |
242% |
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Over 6 to 8 (152.4 to 203.2), incl |
0.1 |
278% |
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Over 8 (203) |
0.112 |
3.11 |
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